Studies and Techniques for Teaching Children with Autism

There are many diseases and disorders that plague today’s world, but one of the most serious of those disorders is autism. In fact, autism is the third most common developmental disability affecting four hundred thousand people worldwide (Autism Society of America). As of yet there is no treatment for autism, only a variety of dealing with this disorder. Autism is a process disorder of brain function. People with autism have trouble in communication, social interactions and play activities. This disorder makes it difficult for them to connect to the outside world. It is difficult for them to communicate with other people. In some cases people with autism has Aggressive and self injurious behavior. They may represent repeated body movement, such as rocking or hands flapping and unusual speak to people. They also represent sensitivities in the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Autism usually appears during the first three years and continues throughout life. Introduction There has been a number of studies on the behavior and development of children with Autism. This paper talks about four different types of studies about techniques teaching children with autism such as communication, socialization, cognitive development, and a number of other areas in children. The fist article is applied behavior analysis (ABA), by Ole Ivar Lovaas. The second article is a study called pivotal behaviors (PRT) by Richard Simpson of the University of Kansas. The thirdShow MoreRelatedVideo Modeling As An Effective Intervention Strategy for Instructing Students with ASD1738 Words   |  7 PagesDepartment of Education, autism is defined as a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interactions and verbal and nonverbal communication. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may also display attention deficits, engage in repetitive behaviors, resist environmental changes, have unusual sensory experiences, and may exhibit inappropriate behavi ors that have adverse impacts on educational performance (Delano, 2007). The incidence of children identified with ASD hasRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder Paper866 Words   |  4 PagesAutism spectrum disorder first became a diagnosed disorder when it was described by a psychiatrist named, Leo Kanner in 1943. As a result of a study he conducted involving 11 children, he developed a diagnostic criteria based on observations of repetitive, stereotyped behavior with consistent impairment in social interactions (Volden, 2017). Over time however, autism became synonymous with Asperger’s disorder and pervasive developmental disorder that included similar, but widely different diagnosticRead More Teaching Children with Autism Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesTeaching Children with Autism There has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism or other autism spectrum disorders. It is likely as an educator that you will have at least one child with this diagnosis in your classroom. This paper explores some of the methods used to teach autistic children. Autism is a disorder characterized by significant problems in communication and social functioning. Autism is actually called Autism Spectrum Disorder and encompasses a broad rangeRead More Autism Spectrum Disorders Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract— This paper discusses the potential of using technologies in the diagnosis, study and intervention treatments of autism. The first part of paper introduces background information on autism spectrum disorder. The second part deals with review of literature survey. The third part summarizes our proposed research work on the connected topic. The fourth part concludes our work as whole. Keywords— autism, discrete trail training, applied behaviour analysis, voice output communication aidsRead MorePragmatics Of Individuals With Autism Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesIndividuals with Autism Introduction Children with autism struggle with pragmatics, or social interactions. Pragmatics extend past simply providing social closeness, it also enables social etiquette. Issues of pragmatics can be etiologically tied to issues with expressive or receptive language skills. Social interaction skills and communication skills that are functional to the individual necessitate an intervention approach that treats individuals holistically. The intervention techniques need to treatRead MoreEssay on Behavioral Treatments in Autism1185 Words   |  5 PagesBehavioral Treatments in Autism Outline I. Introduction A. Infantile Autism B. Operant Learning Theory C. Behavior Techniques II. Target Behaviors A. Aberrant Behaviors B. Social Skills C. Language III. Behavioral Techniques A. Aversive Stimuli B. Noncontingent Access to Preferred Stimulus C. Collateral Changes D. Self-Management E. Incidental Teaching IV. Conclusion A. Assessment B. Environment C. Generalization Behavioral Treatments in Autism Through the yearsRead MoreTeaching Elementary Children With Autism1638 Words   |  7 PagesLyons, B. (2012). Teaching Elementary Children with Autism: Addressing Teacher Challenges and Preparation Needs. Rural Educator, 33(2), 27-35. II. Problem 1. How adequate is the current teacher preparation program for preparing general education teachers for teaching children with autism? 2. Scheuermann et al asked, â€Å"If a teacher meets state standards for certification, but has no coursework in or experience with autism, is that teacher highly qualified to teach students with autism?† 3. What challengesRead MoreDefinition Of Applied Behavior Analysis Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Autism is a disease that is being diagnosed today more than ever before. In fact, as of 2014 the statistics for diagnosis of autism are one in sixty-eight children, with diagnosis being much more common in boys (Autism Speaks, 2016a). While there are many theories about what causes autism, there is currently not any proven predictor of what will cause this disease to develop (Landrigan, 2010). Since prevention is not possible at this time, it is extremely beneficial and importantRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder1446 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Health Problem Autism or autism spectrum disorder ( ASD) is a developmental disorder that has been found world wide. However unlike many other disorders, autism is fairly new in the sense that there is no cure nor a set factor causing it. Today, the public is more aware of the disorder, yet there is still concern about how to treat autism in children as well as what risk factors are more likely to lead to autism. Autism has been around for the past hundred years, however previous to theRead MoreApplied Behavioral Analysis Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesand his or her family. Autism affects all aspects of a child’s life from their ability to show affection to their family to being able to do simple tasks such as communicating and thinking in ways that we take for granted. Autism is defined as a developmental disability in which children experience abnormalities in social functioning, language, often act in puzzling ways, and usually appears before the age of three (Mash Wolfe, 2010). Although the exact causes of autism are unknown there does seem

The Choice to Engage in Athletics is Influenced by Many...

Millions of children engage in different types of physical activities and sports around the world. Being involved in these programs provides many health benefits and aids in life long physical skills. Through participation in sports and physical activities, children gain friendships and learn how to cooperate and interact with other children. Participating and sports also provides openings for children to develop characteristics and values that are beneficial to personal growth as they mature. The choice to engage in athletics is influenced by many different factors. It is well accepted that parents, siblings, peers, teachers, and coaches all play a role in influencing the start, continuation, and discontinuation during adolescent (Fredricks Eccles, 2004). The influences of these individuals can range from simple encouraging and continued participation by taking children to sporting events to teaching values and norms associated with sport participation and physical activity (Fredricks Eccles, 2004). Mothers and fathers are also the ones that generally seek out opportunities, provide equipment and financial support. Researchers consistently identify parents as the initiating sport socialization agents for children (Brustad Partridge, 2001). As children continue their participation in sports, parents serve as models for observational learning, provide experiences, encourage participation in a variety of ways, and help to interpret experiences for their childrenShow MoreR elatedIs Ajit A Better State Of Healthy Eating?1559 Words   |  7 Pagesvegetables, meat; he eats fast food every now and then. Q) Provide an overview of this person’s current state of â€Å"Physical Activity†: Ajit, being an elite level athlete, performs an exquisite level of physical activity. He is extremely active, he engages in numerous training regiments and school sports as well. Besides his involvement in multiple sports at school he completes high intensity resistance training 2 hours a day for 6 days a week. A typical daily workout regimen of Ajit’s consist of:Read MoreRacial Identity And Ethnicity Identity1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthen describe how the aspects of my gender identity and racial identity did and did not influence my leisure and life pursuits. My racial identity and gender identity did not influence much of my leisure and life pursuits in my life, I was mostly influenced by my upbringing. Identity Realization Identity is considered to be defined as a person’s personal sense of themselves, in which describes them for who they are. The development of an individual identity is intrinsically connected withRead MoreThe Importance Of Teaching And Classroom Management1692 Words   |  7 Pages When analysing my observations, there were a number of themes that stood out. However, it was the students that interested me the most. The school is largely multicultural with over 35% of the school population was born outside Australia in 52 different countries. When observing both theory and practical classes, I noticed a wide range of abilities in physical terms including skill and fitness, as well as cognitive abilities. On a number of occasions, I witnessed students lack of engagement withRead MoreNike Just Do It Campaign3535 Words   |  15 Pagesor internal factors. The book also refers to these as locus of control. Nike capitalized on America’s fitness craze by making fitness an in ternal factor as opposed to external. The title of the campaign itself implies that instead of waiting for the â€Å"right† conditions, making fitness a priority is a personal decision. In 2007, Nike released a commercial supporting this campaign entitled Awake. The entire commercial took the viewers on a journey through the morning rituals of different athletes. EveryRead MoreThe Education Of Higher Education1605 Words   |  7 Pagesnation, woven through our culture, beliefs and politics. The best of American Higher Education outstrips any others in the world and the output of American Institutions is unparalleled. To stay competitive and expand the current education horizon, different types of institutions, evolve and prioritize differently to ensure the best education quality to targeted students. However, today Higher Education is facing more challenges and critiques than at any other point in history. Indeed, when encounteringRead More Obesity in America Essay2779 Word s   |  12 Pagesdesperate need for teachers, athletic programs have felt the grunt of this expedition. Now, more than ever, youths in our communities are battling serious problems. Not only are sports and organized athletic programs vital to physical development, but also mental growth and offer children structure and goals. Unfortunately, many schools have to cut back or even eliminate sports/athletic programs due to lack of funding. As the cost of athletic programs increase, many states are forced to pass theRead MoreCMNS 301 Final Essay: Studying Media In The Context of Everyday Life2824 Words   |  12 Pagesdata from other people. Mass Media in the Context of Everyday Life Mass media is almost omnipresent in the modern life. It clearly has a very impactful effect on individuals, however it forces us to wonder just how influential it really is. Many theories have postulated what effects media has, and the extent to which they help shape our values as well as affect us on a daily basis. In order to answer this question, I will create a journal log of the television shows and movies that I watchedRead MoreCommunity Resource Teams and Their Impact on at Risk Youth Essay1978 Words   |  8 Pagesthreats to public safety and address ways this can be prevented. In many communities throughout the United States, police officers strive to build better relationships with community members, yet building relationships with youth within a community, especially a community over run by gangs, crime and drugs is a much tougher issue. These juveniles are at higher risk for entering into the juvenile justice system based on the many risk factors prevalent in their pers onal lives and communities and typicallyRead MoreThe Case Of Laur Final Case Study Analysis2772 Words   |  12 Pagesdefinitely larger than normal with a sense of lack of control. Compensatory behaviors include misuse of laxatives, self-induced vomiting, diuretics, fasting and excessive exercise, (Comer, 2014) . Another key feature is that self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. A person with Bulimia Nervosa often bases how they feel about themselves by what the scale says and how she/he looks in the mirror. In Bulimia Nervosa, this negative self-evaluation and fear of gaining weight can closelyRead MoreTeenager Consumers: Their Characteristics, Roles, and Market4627 Words   |  19 Pageschildren are thought of as victims in the childrens consumption literature (Bristol, 2001). Children were seen as the victims of marketer, advertising, and adults in general. But how children and teenagers behave today, including in consumption, is different from it w as in the past. Their characteristics related to consumption have changed. Now we can see how teenagers involved much in consumption behavior although this experience is relatively ‘new’ for them. However, not only do adolescents represent

Incentives Corporate Tax Planning Reporting -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Incentives Corporate Tax Planning Reporting? Answer: Introduction One of the factors that is going to ensure that an entity remains ahead of its competition in the market in pursuance of carrying out the business operation, is that the entity is adapting to the changes taking place in the market be it in terms of new technology or methodology in carrying out the business activities. Research and development activities within the organisation help it to develop and implement new ways or products in its production method or line of products respectively. It ensures that the company maintains a competitive edge over its competitors[1]. The development of new products or technologies by the business entities not only proves to be beneficial for them but also for the entire society as well. For e.g. if automobile industry develops vehicles which run entirely on electricity, it will not only help the companies to earn more revenue but the society will be able to reduce the usage of fossil fuel thereby reducing the carbon footprint and improving the quali ty of environment. Thus, in order to promote research and development activities by the companies the statute gives many tax incentives in respect of expenditure incurred in this behalf. These incentives are being categorised as RD incentives. The document is focussed on discussion about the various tax incentives offered by the statute and the conditions that need to be fulfilled in order to avail them. Definition of RD: The activities conducted under the tag of Research and Development are investigative in nature. They are the efforts made by an enterprise to improve its current products and services or to develop a new kind of product or service that will enable it to deliver better quality or retain its present quality but with improved way of production[2]. It as an endeavour to utilise the present capacity of the organisation or to improve its capacity of delivering products and services. Tax Incentives Provided In case of companies the Research and development concession that have been allowed before 1 July is up to 125% of the allowed expenditures on the research and development. In some cases the up to 175% of the expenditure can be claimed as deduction. The tax offset is provided by Research and development incentive in order to encourage the companies to engage in the research and development activity[3]. The RD concession has two component: In case of certain entities that are eligible for the RD incentive a refundable tax offset of 43.5% are allowed for companies that have turnover less than 20 million. For non-refundable tax offset 38.5% is allowed for all the eligible entities. The RD tax offset have been reduced to 30% and this changes are applicable after 1 July 2004 up to 1 July 2024[4]. Better operating efficiency of the businesses: In pursuance of finding better ways of doing business or improving the quality of the product the company usually finds out for itself some new improved and efficient manner of operating. For e.g. if the company did a research on how to minimise the use of coal in its production line for the generation of power, it will come up with an alternative source of clean and efficient form of energy[5]. This will help it in increasing its operational efficiency of the business as it no longer will have to worry about the carbon foot print it was leaving earlier thereby attracting various sorts of restrictions and stipulations from the government authorities. It will not have to worry about the disposal of the residue left behind by the burnt coal. It will be saving costs as well as will be able to curb the government interference in its business to a significant extent. Improved business performance: While the new and improved way of doing business increases the operating efficiency of the companies, it simultaneously leaves its marks on the financial performance of the companies. The company employing the most efficient factors of business is able to maintain a competitive edge over the competitors along with generating goodwill for the company. The customers get a better quality product and thereby becoming loyal customer of the company[6]. This is reflected in the financial statements of the company in form of growth in revenue. As the company utilises improved way of production it is able to reduce its operating costs thereby further catapulting the financial performance of the company by increasing the profits of the company and creating wealth for the shareholders of the company. Proper maintenance of books and records: This is one more way in which the incentives have been able to increase the accountability of the businesses indirectly. In order to avail the benefits of the tax incentives the companies must endeavour in making and keeping proper records in respect of their expenditures and the returns they got from it. They need to keep the record of both the income and expense related to the scientific research is because of the fact that the statute has put stipulation on the nature of the expenditures that the company is allowed to make in order to avail the tax incentives[7]. At the same the recording of income is very important because of the fact that it has been clearly spelt out by the statute that the expenditure must yield the company some benefits in real terms. Therefore in order to establish the nature of expenditure and that they are abiding by the stipulation out by the law and the authenticity of the returns earned from them the company has to maintain proper and updated records as per the guidelines of the accounting system prevalent in the country. this has ensured that the company present true and correct information in their financial statements and this in turn helps the shareholders in getting a true and fair view of the organisation financial position and performance[8]. Spike in the levels of research activity: The tax incentives have motivated the business entities in engaging themselves in the research activities. This has resulted in the spike in the research oriented activities with the country. The spike not only promotes the scientific culture within the country but also opens several employment opportunities for the students and entrepreneurs who want to pursue research activities as their career choice. The research activities helps in promoting the development of new and improved products as well as ways of carrying out the business activities thereby helping the businesses as well as the society at large. Following the provisions laid down by the tax laws: The benefits of the tax provisions are available to only those companies which maintain full compliance with the tax laws of the statute. There are many conditions and stipulation which are needed to be abided by the companies in order to avail the tax incentives[9]. In pursuance of getting the advantage of tax benefits the companies have understood the importance of abiding by the conditions laid down in the ITAA 1936. Non-compliance with any of the condition can cause the company to lose on the benefits of the tax incentive. With this in mind the companies have started to comply with the provisions both in letter and spirit. Relevant Rules of Taxation The Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 lays down several rulings with respect to the conditions that must be followed to avail the tax incentives. It also specifies the type of expenditures for which the company will be allowed a tax incentive or deduction from its total income. The ruling which specifically deals with the provisions of tax incentives for the research and development activities carried out by the organisation is TR92/2[10]. The ruling provides us with the specific types of expenditures which are allowed to be deducted from the total income under section 73A of Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 to arrive at the taxable income of the company. There is a general ruling given out in the sub section 1 of the section 73A that only such expenditures will be allowed as deduction under this section which are not deductible under any other sections[11]. This avoids the chances of the companies availing double tax benefits for the same expenditures incurred under different sections. T he sub section also makes it clear that any company which has listed itself on any recognised stock exchange is allowed to avail the deductions in respect of the expenditure incurred on scientific and research activities only if such activity has helped it to increase its revenue generating capacity. In other words the expenditure must be incurred for the purpose of business only. The expenditures allowed as deduction from the income of the company to compute its taxable income is as follows: Amount paid by the company to an approved research institute for the purpose of carrying out research activities on its behalf. Payments made by the company to any approved research institute to carry out research in the field to which the business activities of the business belong to. The act has not put any stipulation on the place where the research needs to be conducted by the research institute. In other words, the only thing that is crucial in determining the tax implications of the amount contributed will be whether the research has been undertaken by the institute on behalf of the company or in the field of its operation, it is immaterial whether they are conducted in the companys premises or in the institute itself[12]. It must be noted that the above conditions were related to the amount contributed by the company to any approved research institute. Apart, from these contributions the company can also get exemption with respect to capital expenditure undertaken by it to promote research and development activities in the organisation. There are certain purposes for which if the company incurs any capital expenditures it will not be given any exemption for them. These purposes are given in TR 92/2[13]. They are as follows: Plant and machinery acquired by the company in order to conduct research in its premises. Any expenditure is incurred to acquire land and building or, Addition, alteration or extension is made by the company to the existing land and building. The company must refrain from incurring capital expenditure for the above mentioned purposes as it will not be given any exemption for the same. Barring the above purposes all other capital expenditure made by the company will be allowable as exemption if they are incurred for the purpose of business and business only[14]. In order to improve the understandability of the implication of the expenditure incurred by the company for the purpose of scientific research the TR 92/2 has efficiently divided them into four categories: Amount that is contributed to approved research institute for carrying out scientific research activities on behalf of the company. All sorts of capital expenditures incurred by the company in order to carry out the research activities by the company The amounts spend on acquiring plant so that the same can be utilised in carrying out the research activities. The expenditure in respect of purchasing land and building for the purpose of carrying out research activities Though the classification made by TR 92/2 comprise of four categories, it deals with only the first two i.e. amount contributed to research institutes and the capital expenditure incurred by the company in carrying out the research activities. The deduction discussed above is given to the companies to instil in them the principle of research and development in order to improve the existing products or to bring in new products in the market[15]. However the deductions are made available to the entities only to the extent they are incurred for the purpose of gaining business profits out of them. The companies in order to enjoy the tax incentives given by or laid down by the statute must not violate the very purpose for which they have been given out to them. The government of any country loses significant amount of tax revenue in form of similar tax incentives. The companies must understand that it is their duty to give something in return to the government and the society. The statute gives out incentives so that it can reap the benefits of the new products and the added advantage they bring in with them in the society. In abiding by the conditions and regulations not only does the companies enjoy significant profits in the long run but also the society in which they are conducting their business activities gains a lot. The benefits of the tax incentives or the implication of the incentives laid down in the statute are immense both in the context of business and social welfare. It helps in increasing the profitability, accountability and efficiency of the business entity availing the tax incentives[16]. Conclusion Form the above discussions it can be very confidently concluded that the tax incentives provided by the section 73 A and TR 92/2 to the companies in respect of scientific research activities carried out by them has greatly and positively affected their business. It has significantly motivated them to improve their business performance and operating efficiency by researching and developing improved way of doing business. These kinds of incentives can only bring good to the companies and the society at large. Hence such incentives are a welcome move from the statute. Reference Bartekov, Eva, and Ren Kemp. "National strategies for securing a stable supply of rare earths in different world regions."Resources Policy49 (2016): 153-164. Bsenberg, Simon, and Peter H. Egger. "RD tax incentives and the emergence and trade of ideas."Economic Policy32, no. 89 (2017): 39-80. De Silva, P. N. K., S. J. R. Simons, and P. Stevens. "Economic impact analysis of natural gas development and the policy implications."Energy Policy88 (2016): 639-651. Duncan, Greg J., Katherine Magnuson, and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. "Boosting family income to promote child development."The Future of Children24, no. 1 (2014): 99-120. Grubert, Harry, and Rosanne Altshuler. "Shifting the Burden of taxation from the Corporate to the perSonal level and getting the Corporate tax rate down to 15 perCent." (2016). Hilber, Christian AL. "UK Housing and Planning Policies: the evidence from economic research." (2015). Kamal, Sristi, Ma?gorzata Grodzi?ska-Jurczak, and Gregory Brown. "Conservation on private land: a review of global strategies with a proposed classification system."Journal of Environmental Planning and Management58, no. 4 (2015): 576-597. Lardo, Philippe, Christian Khler, and Christian Rammer. "The impact of fiscal incentives for RD."Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham and Northampton(2016): 18-53. Olubunmi, Olanipekun Ayokunle, Paul Bo Xia, and Martin Skitmore. "Green building incentives: A review."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews59 (2016): 1611-1621. Richardson, Grant, and Grantley Taylor. "Income shifting incentives and tax haven utilization: Evidence from multinational US firms."The International Journal of Accounting50, no. 4 (2015): 458-485. Rode, Julian, Erik Gmez-Baggethun, and Torsten Krause. "Motivation crowding by economic incentives in conservation policy: A review of the empirical evidence."Ecological Economics117 (2015): 270-282. Shen, Liyin, Bei He, Liudan Jiao, Xiangnan Song, and Xiaoling Zhang. "Research on the development of main policy instruments for improving building energy-efficiency."Journal of Cleaner Production112 (2016): 1789-1803. Swank, Duane. "Taxing choices: international competition, domestic institutions and the transformation of corporate tax policy."Journal of European Public Policy23, no. 4 (2016): 571-603. Taylor, Grantley, and Grant Richardson. "Incentives for corporate tax planning and reporting: Empirical evidence from Australia."Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics10, no. 1 (2014): 1-15. Timilsina, Govinda R., and Kalim U. Shah. "Filling the gaps: Policy supports and interventions for scaling up renewable energy development in Small Island Developing States."Energy Policy98 (2016): 653-662. Zhao, Zhen-Yu, Yu-Long Chen, and Rui-Dong Chang. "How to stimulate renewable energy power generation effectively?China's incentive approaches and lessons."Renewable Energy92 (2016): 147-156.

Red Oldsmobile Essay Example Essay Example

Red Oldsmobile Essay Example Paper Red Oldsmobile Essay Introduction Red Oldsmobile Louise Erdrich’s Story The Red Convertible is a story that focuses on the relationship of two Native American brothers. The narrator is Lyman Lamartine and his older brother Henry, who is portrayed as the protagonist. Lyman provides a narration of his relationship with his brother Henry and a red Oldsmobile or convertible that they jointly purchased. Henry’s encounter at war results in his total change, in terms of character, and alters his relationship with his younger brother. The change in character also affects Lyman. The Red Oldsmobile could be used as an illustration of the relationship shared between the two brothers. The buying out of Lyman’s shares in the ownership of the Oldsmobile is an indication of the dire need by Henry to live in isolation because of trauma experienced in the Vietnam War. Symbolism is widely used in The Red Convertible as a means of illustrating change as provided by the term convertible. This alteration of a solid r elationship between brothers turns to hostility despite their history together as close. The ultimate goal by the author is to illustrate and communication of the afflictions of emotions of individuals after the war by a solider in terms of his relationship with his family. The red convertible is used as an illustration of the relationship between Henry and Lyman (Erdrich 819). At the beginning of the narrative, the two brothers Henry and Lyman make a purchase of the red convertible, its restoration and travel using the red convertible to various locations around the world. Henry’s move to war is a turning point for the relationship with his brother. This is demonstrated by Lyman’s decision to take the car apart. Henry’s return from war is characterized by his scarred character, his loss in interest in the convertible and the relationship with his brother. The emotional disconnect between the two brothers is illustrated by Lyman’s actions after he bangs t he car. The destroyed car is an express illustration of the fading and dying relationship between two brothers who shared a delicate and beautiful relationship similar to the features of a convertible. Henry later finds out that Lyman has damaged the car and confronts him. He states, â€Å"When I left, that car was running like a watch. Now I don’t even know if I can get it to start again, let alone get it anywhere near its old condition† (Erdrich 464). This is an indication that Henry desires to bring the car back into its old condition. He alludes to the car’s initial condition and compares it with its present state. The comparison provides an express view of the changes in terms of the relationship of the two brothers, which is chaotic and fading. The restored red Oldsmobile was easy to use, given that it was in a good mechanical condition similar to their relationship before Henry’s move to Vietnam due to the war. Henry ceases to be a joyful and engag ing individual because of his experiences in Vietnam. The author indicates that the changes brought about by the experiences of war are evident in hennery and by his relations with his brother and family. Henry as a soldier in Vietnam is taken captive by the enemy as a prisoner of war. This is problematic for him in that he is unable to cope with the torture he experiences. He is unable to cope with the traumatizing event. This is the main factor towards his mental instability, anger and inability to relate with family. Other changes evident in the narrative include the purchase of a colored television set by Lyman after he leaves for war to Vietnam. This is an express indication of total change and a possible illustration that the situation changed. Hence, he seems to accept the fact that he had grown distant with his family and presumes that they are unable to provide support and relate with him as they had initially before he left for war in Vietnam. It is provided ion the narrat ive that before he left for war in Vietnam, Henry was an overly calm individual but changed after his return to a restless individual who is quick to anger. Lyman recalls in the narrative that Henry â€Å"sat for whole afternoons, never moving a muscle† (Erdrich, 936). This is an indication that Henry preferred solitude rather than the company of his younger brother that he initially preferred. He adds that the military changed him as many other service men that were changed by the experiences in combat. However, â€Å"the change was no good..† It was a fact. Henry had become jumpy and mean† this is comparable tom the ‘old’ Henry who was evidently clam, gentle and longed to spend quality time with his brother and enjoyed sharing and traveling in the red Oldsmobile (Erdrich 923). The deterioration of the red Oldsmobile was because of the neglect by Lyman. This is similar to the relationship of the two individuals; they were unable to maintain a relati onship despite sharing a strong bond. A lack of emotional connection or presence of emotional disconnect prompted the movement from one another emotionally. Henry was primarily unable to communicate his pain, horrors and experiences to his brother and family. His brother had been his primary confidant and friend with whom he shared his experiences and troubles. However, the war was so traumatizing that he finds it necessary to remain calm, aloof and in solitude, despite the efforts of his brother and his family to reach him. It is also evident that other changes are evident in terms of Henry’s character. Henry was initially a humorous and delightful individual. Lyman recalls Henry’s earlier character as a delightful individual who was slow to anger. This is comparable to the condition of the red Oldsmobile, which was new and able to tour round the American continent. Henry was initially full of energy and joyous in all his activities. Lyman narrates, â€Å"He’d always had a joke, then too, and now you could not get him to laugh† (Erdrich 936). His cheerful and witty nature is changed by the experiences in Vietnam. Lyman narrates that he was envious and delighted by the cheerful nature of his brother. Lyman longs for the earlier times when his brother was an individual with whom one could share ideas and spend a good time. Lyman recalls an event whereby Henry said to a longtime family friend named Suzy â€Å"Jump on my shoulders† (Erdrich 935). Henry swung her around such that her hair swayed from side to side with the blowing wind. The use of imagery is provided as a means of bringing out Henry’s earlier character as a cheerful individual who enjoyed life. His attempts at laughing are narrated by Lyman as â€Å"more like the sound of a man choking, a sound that stopped up throats of other people around him.† (935); this is an express indication of an individual who is filled with distress and despair in life. Th is is because of the trauma experienced at war. Lyman narrates that he viewed his brother bite his lip as he watched the colored television. Additionally, he struggled to stay still in the chair as he watched the television, which might have led him to recall the traumatizing events in Vietnam. Lyman describes the stillness and composure as â€Å"and that was the only time he was completely still. But it was the kind of stillness that you see in a rabbit when it freezes and before it will bolt† (Erdrich 936). This is an illustration that the trauma associated with war had a great effect on Henry’s character. This was a significant factor towards his withdrawal, emotionally, from his family and primarily forms his brother with whom he shared numerous aspects of life. Henry ignored the basic element that tied them together which is the red Oldsmobile. This basic element united the two brothers in that they shared the costs of purchase of the red Oldsmobile. Henry ignores the status of the vehicle that was a primary asset to him and his brother. Lyman has hopes in his brother and â€Å"the car might bring the old Henry back somehow† (Erdrich 937). His ignorance of the fact that his brother longs for his company results in total loss of faith by his brother Lyman who is unable to save him from an inevitable self destruction. Lyman’s loss of faith is an indication of actual and inevitable change in terms of their relationship despite his efforts to gain his brother’s attention. Additionally, the ruptured bond is illustrated by the destruction of the vehicle rendering it un-roadworthy. The two brothers cease using the vehicle since they are unable communicate as they had before Henry’s move to Vietnam. The restoration of the cars by Henry provides Lyman with a notion that this would renew their relationship. Bonita, Lyman and Henry’s only sister, takes a photograph of her two brothers posing in front of the red Olds. This is their last photograph together and with the red Oldsmobile. In their trip, Henry rushes and dives into the river after the two brothers engage in an intense argument over the vehicle. Lyman plunges the red Oldsmobile into the river resulting in the ultimate tragedy. The death of Henry is complimented by the plunging of the red Oldsmobile. Conclusively, the destruction of the Oldsmobile sums up the relationship of the tow individuals. The initial relationship between the two individuals is illustrated by the restoration and the new condition of the red Oldsmobile. Their relationship is severed by the deterioration in terms of condition of the Oldsmobile and summed up by the death of Henry and destruction of the Oldsmobile after plunging into the river. Work Cited Erdrich, Louise. The Red Convertible: Selected and New Stories, 1978-2008. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009. Print. Red Oldsmobile Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!